Superconducting fault current limiters in a power plant limiters in a power plant. Perfect coupling implies infinitely high core magnetic permeability and winding inductances and zero net magnetomotive force i. We describe the hightemperature superconducting hts transformer project run by siemens. The superconductor used in these prototype applications is usually niobiumtitanium, and liquid helium cooling is required. Early partial core development is discussed followed by some material testing at cryogenic temperatures. An ideal transformer is a theoretical linear transformer that is lossless and perfectly coupled. The issues with building the superconducting transformer are outlined. A fault current limiting superconducting transformer all of this makes the idea of a hts, fcl transformer particularly interesting. All superconducting materials known at ordinary pressures currently work far below ambient. Esas summer school on high temperature superconductor technology for sustainable energy and transport systems, june 8th14th 2016, bologna 2 mathias noe, institute of technical physics outline superconducting transformers o transformer history o basic transformer design o motivation of superconducting transformers o basics of superconducting.
The goal of this work is the comparison of the efficiency and the annual energy losses of a superconducting from 2g high temperature superconductors and conventional transformer. The need is to reduce the fault current to a fraction of its peak value in less than a cycle 160 sec. In other words, the ratio between the short circuit current and the load current should be a. From 1960 to 1980, 30ak was thought to be the highest theoretically possible t c. Critical temperature maximum temperature at superconducting state. High temperature superconducting demonstrator transformer. Quench detection and protection for high temperature. High temperature superconducting hts transformer rectifier flux pump for powering noinsulation superconducting magnet with low characteristic resistance article pdf available february 2019. Index terms hightemperature superconductors, optimization methods, power transformers. After a reminder of the principles of electrostatics in section 1, the. However, hts vortex physics has turned out to be much more complex than what had been known from classical superconductors 25. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions. The htsc transformer with a separate winding for excitation of the mutual magnetic flux is considered.
The article presents the design and the electrical circuit of the transformer, the equations of electromagnetic balance, and the total resistance of the primary and secondary power windings and the. Yanagic amit plasma science and fusion center cnational institute for fusion science b tohoku university, sendai, japan december 2010 supported in part by us doe office of fusion energy sciences. Poynting vector in hightemperature superconducting. Pdf ac losses in a high temperature superconducting generator. An ac loss model for high temperature superconductors is also presented. Pdf hightemperature superconducting hts transformer. Design optimization of hightemperature superconducting power. High temperature superconducting cable for power transmission applications. In a power transformer, heat generation occurs due to iron loss and copper loss. Market for high temperature superconducting wire in transmission cable applications during the week of april 2327, 1994, donn forbes, a market researcher and business consultant with clients involved in superconductivity, conducted telephone interviews with 23 utility engineers concerning. The many benefits of hts transformers and fault current limiting hts transformers will be discussed. Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer august 31, 1998 a superconductivity partnership initiative to be signed tuesday by the department of energy doe and waukesha electric systems is a mega boost toward nextgeneration transformers that. Market for hightemperature superconducting wire in. The calculations of the loaddependent efficiency for both transformers are performed referring to a real case application of a power transformer in a power plant.
Pdf ac losses in a high temperature superconducting. Transport ac loss in high temperature superconducting coils. Hts high temperature superconductor cryomagnetics, inc. This paper describes the design of a 3 phase high temperature superconducting hts transformer and its characteristics are analyzed. The high temperature superconducting partial core transformer and fault current limiter was found to be 99. Hts transformer, hysteresis loss, leakage flux, finite element method.
This means, a heat transfer occurs from high temperature ambience to low temperature ambience. In a superconducting transformer the primary dissipates no power except for a small electromagnetic radiation term, so near 100% efficiency can be obtained with no core at all. A superconducting transformer system for high current cable. Their application to domestic power supply is also explained as are the reasons why they will become the standard method of power distribution. Bednorz, a new interest for power application studies appeared. The project started april 1994 and its goal was to manufacture a real scale superconducting distribution transformer and to operate it during one year in the grid of genevas utility sig. The article presents the design and the electrical circuit of the transformer, the equations of electromagnetic balance, and the total resistance of the primary and secondary power windings and. Current densities above 10,000 amperes per square centimeter are considered. High temperature superconducting partial core transformers. An innovative transformer concept using ceramic high temperature superconductors instead of copper as winding material could reduce the transformer losses almost to zero. Traction transformer 1 mva, superconducting, oilimmersed and medium frequency 191 traction transformer 1mva, superconducting, oilimmersed and medium frequency m. May the hightemperature oven for axial mounting on ecr2 described in the last progress report has been tested, producing beams of both titanium and aluminum. Superconducting transformer design and construction.
Electrical faults are in most cases dramatic events for magnets, due to the large stored energy which is potentially available to be dissipated at the fault location. Article pdf available in international journal of electrical and. Market for hightemperature superconducting wire in transmission cable applications during the week of april 2327, 1994, donn forbes, a market researcher and business consultant with clients involved in superconductivity, conducted telephone interviews with 23 utility engineers concerning. The transformer was designed purely as a proof of concept, rather than as a unit that would be put into. High temperature superconductors, gen1 biscco and gen2 ybco superconductors, and their architecturealong with a discussion of the factors affecting their performancewill be presented. Comparison of the efficiency of superconducting and. Superpower has developed the capability to produce wire tape from forms of ceramic hts materials that have transition temperatures of around 77k or 320. A superconducting transformer system for high current.
Superconducting fault current limiter free pdf ebook. There is given the design concept of hightemperature superconducting windings of the transformer, made in the form of newly developed firstgeneration hightemperature superconducting. High temperature superconducting hv high voltage ieee institute of electrical and electronics engineers. Calculation of ac loss for high temperature superconductor. Kobayashi department of electrical and electronic engineering, division of i ndustrial innovation sciences, graduate school of natural sc ience and. Pdf transport ac loss in high temperature superconducting coils. F, and thereby are called hightemperature superconductors.
The main transformer accounts for a substantial share of traction losses. Available cryogenic cooling options are also discussed for cooling hts coils. Among the challenges associated with the commercialization of high temperature superconductors, many exist around the fabrication of a superconducting tapes. Psfcja1045 status of high temperature superconducting magnet development l. Vlk 3 1katedra elektromechaniky a vykonove elektroniky, zapadoeska univerzita v plzni.
High temperature superconducting partial core transformer. Full text of hightemperature superconductivity see other formats. The reverse design model is discussed followed by the model parameters that are used in designing the high temperature superconducting partial core transformer. Ac loss in superconducting tapes and cables university of twente.
High temperature superconductivity conductivity 106 better than copper current density 10 times larger than in copper windings cheap technology often compared to water cooling great potential in electric power applications generators, motors, fault current limiters, transformers, flywheels, cables, etc. Superconductor applications georgia state university. In 2004, cryomagnetics completed and successfully tested a 3. The results of this research established that a looomva, 55022 kilovolt, generatorstepup unit, low temperature superconducting transformer enjoyed a 30% cost advantage when evaluated using a life cycle cost methodology. Fault current limiting high temperature superconducting. A hightemperature superconducting transformer with localized. The peculiar properties of hightemperature superconductors include anisotropy, flux creep and. High temperature superconducting cables are defined as are the different types, warm dielectric and cryogenic dielectric. Since the discovery of high temperature superconductors htsc in 1986 by k.
Pdf a study of superconducting transformer with shortcircuit. Accurate measurement of transformer winding temperature. Electrical measurements cryogenic transformers cmrdirect. Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer. A conceptual design of a 3000 kva high temperature superconducting hts transformer with split types of windings for locomotives is developed in this paper. The aim of the project was to build up knowhow about transformers with superconducting windings. The respective explanation of superconductivity by the bcs theory in 1957 5 was a desperately awaited breakthrough of theoretical solid state physics. Abstract in 2005, the development of a 50hz, 15kva, 230v. The project started in october 1996 and ended in september 2001. The discovery of the cupratebased hightemperature superconductors hts 1 opened up a major. The discussion provides rationale for selecting hts over lts.
Effect of hightemperature superconducting power technologies. Oct 22, 2007 the primary dissipates power mainly because of its electrical resistance. On the other hand, metallic superconductors usually work below 200 c. Dec 28, 20 this paper describes a high temperature superconducting transformer with a bartype magnetic core and concentric windings with alternating layers, with singlechannel and multichannel arrangements. Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer august 31, 1998 a superconductivity partnership initiative to be signed tuesday by the department of energy doe and waukesha electric systems is a mega boost toward nextgeneration transformers that are vastly more efficient, reliable and compact. Fault current limiting high temperature superconducting transformers technical presentation thursday, october 25, 2012 by russell neal, sam mehta and others 1. Application for winding temperature simulation where the point of measurement the well or pocket is not easily viewed from the base of the apparatus or the information is required remotely.
Akm 468904681248003 winding temperature simulation systems accurate measurement of transformer winding temperature. Second generation high temperature superconductors are used to control short circuits for the first time. Our unique range of low temperature transformers the only cryogenically proven ultralow noise impedance matching transformers currently available. A fault current limiting superconducting transformer. Liquid nitrogen level meter for hightemperature superconductor hts. Design optimization of hightemperature superconducting. The hts transformers are discussed in this article. Secondgeneration hightemperature superconductor wires for the. The primary dissipates power mainly because of its electrical resistance.
Mar 24, 2014 we describe the high temperature superconducting hts transformer project run by siemens. Power cables, currentlimiting devices, rotating machinery, transformers, and superconductor. This implies strong restrictions for high field, high temperature hts magnet hopes8. The transformer consists of a corefree 10 464 turn primary solenoid which is enclosed by a 6.
A hightemperature superconducting transformer with. High temperature superconductivity conductivity 106 better than copper current density 10 times larger than in copper windings cheap technology often compared to water cooling great potential in electric power applications generators, motors, fault current limiters, transformers, flywheels, cables. The majority of hightemperature superconductors are ceramics materials. One of the nearterm applications for high temperature superconductors may be the construction of faultcurrent limiters which operate at 77k. As ac loss and critical current of hts tapes are dependent on. Oct 11, 2001 high temperature superconducting cables are defined as are the different types, warm dielectric and cryogenic dielectric. High temperature superconducting cable for power transmission. There is given the design concept of high temperature superconducting windings of the transformer, made in the form of newly developed firstgeneration high temperature superconducting ribbon wires. The early development of high temperature superconducting partial core transformers at the university of canterbury is then examined. Electrodeposited agstabilization layer for high temperature. Development of 2 mva class superconducting fault current limiting transformer sfclt with ybco coated.
Introduction the development of hightemperature superconducting power apparatus has made remarkable progress during the last several years. Metallic superconductors are also ordinary superconductors, since they were discovered and used before the hightemperature ones. An experimental high temperature superconducting transformer. This can only be achieved using high temperature superconductors. It could be transformed into roebel cables for carrying larger currents. For transformers, superconductors with a much lower ac loss are necessary. This chapter describes superconductivity, the materials and some devices that can be formed and notes some of the applications for their use making them interesting materials. Iron loss occurs at the core of transformers when transformers run at noload operation or in other words when there is no load on secondary side. This document describes the 630 kva hts transformer project made by abb jointly with edf and asc.
High temperature superconducting transmission cables. An innovative transformer concept using ceramic hightemperature superconductors instead of copper as winding material could reduce the transformer losses almost to zero. If such a transformer, having the benefits of reduced losses also provided fcl capability, it could overcome the real estate problem. Faultcurrent limiters high faultcurrents caused by lightning strikes are a troublesome and expensive nuisance in electric power grids.
It then examines the stateoftheart in lts transformer development during the last decade and the status of high temperature superconducting hts transformer and conductor development. The words parallel and perpendicular in the study refer to the. Ac losses in a high temperature superconducting generator. This article describes the development of a directcurrent dc superconducting transformer system for the high current test of superconducting cables. High temperature superconductivity 1 high temperature superconductivity high temperature superconductors abbreviated high t c or hts are materials that have a superconducting transition temperature t c above 30 k a243. Current experiments with power applications of high temperature superconductors focus on uses of bscco in tape forms and ybco in thin film forms.
Iv 79 axiallymounted, hightemperature oven for ecr2. The aim of the project was to show the future prospects for superconducting railway transformers. Thats a pretty effective way to eliminate core losses. The enormously high critical fields h c2 100 t of hts 24 indicate their potential for extremely high field applications. The same device would serve as transformer and fcl in the substation.
Evaluation of an efficiencent transformer core design poonam lutchman a dissertation submitted to the faculty of engineering and the built environment, university of the witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of master of science in engineering. A new design of a 15kva single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating in liquid nitrogen, is presented. The modelling includes a com bination of circuit theory and finite element analysis. Quench detection and protection for high temperature superconducting transformers by using the active power method n. Introduction of fujikura rareearthbased superconducting wire.
Low and medium frequency ranges for ac resistitivity and ac susceptibility, high frequency variants for use in superconducting bolometer matching applications. Abstract superconducting power system apparatus is of considerable interest to the electrical power delivery. The discovery of the cupratebased high temperature superconductors hts 1 opened up a major. This paper describes a hightemperature superconducting transformer with a bartype magnetic core and concentric windings with alternating layers, with singlechannel and multichannel arrangements. The temperature that defines each is the level to which the conductors need to be cooled in order to become superconducting. If a 40 mva transformer with a high temperature superconducting. Other digital versions may also be available to download e. High temperature superconducting partial core transformer and.
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